A circular „basic space“ as complement of space-time  – an outcome of analogies between natural systems at different levels of reality

Link to Philarchive https://philarchive.org/archive/HERACQ

Abstract

Natural systems are arranged in eight levels of organization according to their structural and dynamic similarities. Six of the eight levels in this „periodic table“ serve as sources of analogies, and two levels are targets of analogical reasoning.

The source levels are the atomic, molecular, macromolecular, micro-organismic, organismic, and socio-cultural levels. One of the targets is the level of the subatomic particles.

Three types of processes occur in natural systems: conservation, modification, and transformation. Modifications allow for the reversible adaptation of a system to environmental influences by changing their internal state. The entirety of all internal states defines the „state space“ of a system. The similarities of the state spaces between systems of six levels were investigated. A dual-space picture of natural systems can be defined at the source levels.

At the subatomic level, space-time is identified as part of the state space of the subatomic particles. However, space-time requires completion by an additional state space to obtain a dual-space picture for subatomic particles. A „basic space“ is proposed, so that subatomic particles exist simultaneously in space-time and in basic space. The basic space is assumed to be a circular space, where masses and charges circulate force-free and generate „intrinsic“ properties such as the spin and magnetic moment of particles.

A conjecture about the existence of hypothetical matter that is not detectable in space-time is derived. Such forms of matter could exist exclusively in the basic space and represent dark matter.